Black Rights †Struggle for Racial Equality in Post War America Essay

Write a full account on the struggle for racial equality in post war America. During World War II, around one million black men served in the army. They were in different units to the white men. Riots and fights occurred when black men from northern America had to face the discrimination in the south during training. This lessoned peoples opinion of them, in a prejudice way. They were never allowed to join the Marines or the Air Corps, but this changed for the first time during the war due to the military needs. After the war, blacks began to challenge their status as second-class citizens. After their country fighting Nazi Germany, who killed six million Jews, and a fascist Italy, the people of America began to question the racism and many white people felt their main priority as a country should be dealing with their racial problems . More and more black people began moving from the south up to the more urban areas of the north after the war. It was easier to set up pressure groups against discrimination, some peaceful and some violent, thanks to the large numbers in the cities. When the blacks moved to the cities, a lot of whites moved out to suburbs, leaving the blacks in the inner city. Due to overcrowding black ghettoes emerged, houses were in poor conditions, which also helped to highlight the unfair racial injustice. More blacks started attending universities , improving their skills and raising the chance of jobs. When better roads and train lines were built or improved, the move from the south to cities became easier. The economy in American affected blacks greatly. During the economic boom, more blacks were employed and earned better pay. Now that blacks could earn more money their living standards increased. This led to a demand for blacks and whites to be treated more equally. The media helped. They wou ld highlight the disadvantages for the blacks. Television was expanding, exposing discrimination as it grew. It helped greatly to win over the support of the whites in the north. There was huge hypocrisy in the US during the cold war. The US were trying to prevent the spread of communism and disagreed with it completely. They thought the communists were treating their people badly and denying them their human rights. Blacks saw the hypocrisy. They were being treated horribly while their country and government fight for rights around the world. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was a black rights group. Their aim was to defend black civil rights. It became the main opponent of the Klu Klux Klan, a white supremacist group. For decades they had been campaigning for for an end to segregation in schools. They brought cases to court so black students were allowed into colleges. Linda Brown was a young black girl from Topeka, Kansas. She wanted to attend a local school but wasn’t allowed. Because of this she had to go to an all black school further away. The law said segregation was legal as long as facilities were equal. The lawyer for the NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, said that segregation like this denied these black children their rights and that separate schools caused psychological damage. Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP won their case. Segregation was now ruled, by the Supreme Court, unconstitutional and therefore illegal. The schools were declared by the Court, the next year, to become desegregated. This didn’t stop racism or the racist acts. A fourteen year old boy was murdered by the KKK and an all white jury found the murderers not guilty. People said it was a plot by the NAACP. In 1957 the governor of Arkansas tried to prevent nine black students from attending a white school in Little Rock, even though the Supreme Courts had ruled it legal. Federal troops were sent in to protect the nine students so they could attend school safely and to make sure the new laws were upheld. President Eisenhower ordered the troops to remain present at the school for the remainder of the school year. The percentage of black children who attended school with white students had raised from one to twenty per cent in around ten years. A similar incident happened when a young man tried to enrol for the University of Mississippi, an all white university. An angry mob and the governor of Mississippi tried to stop him. The case was brought to court by the NAACP and won the right for him to enrol. President Kennedy also sent troops in to protect the young man when he was enrolling but riots broke out ending in 375 people injured and two dead. The rest of the state universities in the south were slowly desegregated. In the north, blacks and whites attended different schools because they lived in different parts of the city or state. The laws to desegregate the schools were not just for the south. So they brought in bussing. This meant that black children could get the bus to white schools that had been desegregated so there was a racial balance in the schools. A lot of northern cities resisted this court order, and some cities even fire-bombed the buses. To get around these laws, many white people sent their children to private schools. Most black children stayed in public schools due to lack of money. There wasn’t just racial segregation in schools. Restaurants and buses are just a couple of the other places where racial segregation occurred. Racial segregation on public transport was enforced by the Jim Crow laws. This meant that blacks had to sit at the back of the bus, whites at the front. A black person had to give up his seat if there was no room for a white person or if a white person sat beside them. In 1955, Rosa Parks, a seamstress, from Montgomery refused to give up her seat for a white person. She politely told the bus driver she wouldn’t get up. The driver called the police who then arrested her. When Rosa was due in court, the black community decided they would boycott the buses on the day of the court case. The buses in Montgomery made most of their money from black people travelling to and from work. Word of the boycott was spread in black churches, the organisers hoped 60 per cent would boycott the buses but on the day almost 100 per cent avoided the buses. Many drove, car-pooled or walked. The boycott went on for a year, costing the bus company a lot of money. The boycott ended when the blacks made a deal to desegregate the buses. There were three parts to the deal: Bus drivers must treat black passengers with courtesy; Segregation must end on the buses; Black drivers must be employed. This began a new phase of peaceful protests. Four black students in North Carolina sat at the white only counter in a diner. They refused, politely and peacefully, to move until they were served. This was called a ‘sit-in’. When word of the sit-in got out, more and more young black students around the south started doing the same. By the end of the year more than 50,000 young people had succeeded in desegregating public facilities in over 100 cities in the south. When black and white civil rights activists wanted to test the desegregation laws, they decided they would travel through the south on a bus together. They were attacked, threatened and intimidated by white mobs. Robert F. Kennedy, the Attorney General, was appealed to by the activists for protection. He sent in federal marshals to enforce the law and to protect the activists. The bus journeys went on for another year, receiving national media attention. Voting for black people was very difficult and involved a lot of obstacles. There was a poll tax that if you didn’t pay you couldn’t vote. Many black people couldn’t afford the tax leaving the majority of the voters white. This and the literacy test were both legal as it, technically, applied to both races. The literacy test was mainly to prevent blacks from voting also. They would be given a piece to read and if they struggled in the slightest they couldn’t vote. This was unfair for the blacks as the majority of them weren’t as educated as the majority of the whites. Even the whites who were more illiterate than the blacks had a better chance of passing as they would be given easier pieces to read. White employers also tried to prevent blacks from voting by threatening to fire them if they voted. Only four per cent of blacks in the south were registered to vote in 1955. In the 1960’s, Martin Luther King lead peaceful protests to get black voting rights. White’s in the north were impressed by King’s peaceful approach. In 1963 King organised a march in Birmingham, Alabama. The blacks marched the streets day after day. Others replaced them when the marchers were arrested. Martin Luther King was even arrested. He wrote a letter from Birmingham jail which is one of the most important documents of the civil rights movement. There was widespread white support for King on the north after the marches were televised showing the police using hoses, cattle prods and dogs against the peaceful marchers. The president got involved, then the violence ended and the protesters were given their demands. King delivered his famous â€Å"I have a dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speech at the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC, in front of over 200,000 black and white civil right supporters. A year later a new Civil Rights Act was passed. Discrimination in public facilities was banned, job discrimination was outlawed and the power of the local voter registration board was reduced, no longer preventing blacks from voting. The same year, using non-payment of the poll tax to prevent blacks from voting was outlawed. When a campaign began to get black voters to register in the south, two civil rights volunteers, one white one black, were murdered in Alabama. The governor and local police still tried to prevent black voters registering and the KKK burned down several black churches. By 1965 most of the legal barriers for black equality were gone, but a lot of people remained prejudice. Blacks were the poorest and undereducated racial group in America. A group of black rights activists didn’t agree with King’s approach. Their attitude was to fight back. They wanted black supremacy and wanted to use violence to get it. They were called the black panthers. They were a paramilitary force. Their leader was Huey Newton who called on them to collect weapons for protection against the white police. They’re campaign frightened many whites but was sending the wrong idea of the black community and was probably making matters, regarding their rights and acceptance, worse. After riots had broken out in cities such as New York and L.A between black youths and the police, King decided to move his SCLC headquarters to Chicago to focus on the northern ghettoes. Violence levels were huge in 1966 and 1967 with 164 riots taking place in cities across northern America, leaving 84 people dead and costing over 100 million dollars in damages. In April 1968, King was assassinated in Memphis. His death destroyed the hope for many, and the hope for resolving the racism. After his death, riots broke out in 125 cities out of grief and anger. A week after King’s death a Civil Rights Act was passed outlawing racial discrimination in housing.

Philips vs Matsushita

Philips vs Matsushita: A New Century, A New Round HBS 9-302-049 Discussion Questions: 1. How did Philips become the leading consumer electronics company after the Second World War and what were its key capabilities? (NOs-organizational development) Post-war situation: * (At the very beginning, Philips made only light-bulbs, this one-product focus and Gerard’s technological prowess enabled the company to create significant innovations. * The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that was a great commercial success and gave Philips the financial strength to compete against its giant rivals. Philips started to export in 1899. * In 1912, Philips started building sales organizations in the US, Canada, and France. In many foreign countries Philips created local joint venture to gain market acceptance. * In 1919, Philips entered into the Principal Agreement with General Electric, giving each company the use of the other’s patents. Philips conducted a decentralized sale s organization with autofocus marketing companies in 14 European countries, China, Brazil, and Australia. * During the period, Philips broadened its product line significantly. During the late 1930s, it transferred its overseas assets to two trusts, moved most of its vital research laboratories and top management. Therefore, individual country organizations became more independent during the war. * Built post-war organization on the strengths of the national organizations. (NOs) * Their greatly increased self-sufficiency during the war had allowed most to become adept at responding to country-specific market conditions-a capacity that became a valuable asset in the post-war era. After War: * Cross-functional coordination capability. Foreign operations. * Decrease the number of products marketed, build scale by concentrating production, and increase products flows across NOs. * Close the least efficient local plants and convert the best into International Production Centres, each sup plying many NOs. * Close inefficient operations and focused on core operations. * Designed various businesses as core and non-core. * * In 1912, as the electric lamp industry began to show signs of overcapacity, Philips started building sales organizations in the US, Canada, and France. In many foreign countries Philips created local joint ventures to gain market acceptance. * Built post-war organization on the strengths of the national organizations. (NOs) Their greatly increased self-sufficiency during the war had allowed most to become adept at responding to country-specific market conditions-a capacity that became a valuable asset in the post-war era. * In the environment where consumer preferences and economic conditions varied, the independent NOs had a great advantage in being able to sense and respond to the differences. Eventually, responsiveness extended beyond adaptive marketing. * NOs had the real power, they reported directly to the management board to ensure that top management remained in contact with the highly autonomous NOs. Each NO also regularly sent envoys to Eindhoven to represent its interests. * International Concern Council to formalize-regular meetings with the heads of all major NOs. * Cross-functional coordination capability * Foreign operations Problems In the late 1960s, the creation of the European Common Market eroded trade barriers and diluted the rationale for independent country subsidiaries. New transistor-based technologies demanded larger production runs than most national plants could justify, and many of Philips’ competitors were moving production of electronics to new facilities in low-wage areas in Asia and South America. * Simultaneously, Philips’ ability to bring its innovative products to market began to falter. Too decentralized, slow responding to global market because of cooperation complexity between NOs and PDs (CEO words) * The European market tended to become more centralized due to the disappearance of trade barriers in late 1960s. Philips’s formal globalized organization (strategy) shows its weakness and prevents Philips from further development. * IPC to control NOs—tilting matrix to PD, more centralized * Lack of global cooperation, like more manufacturing in developing countries * No strategy—life style—downsize unrelated products Marketing problem 2. How was Matsushita able to overtake Philips? What were its strategic competences and how were these embedded in its organisation structure? * How: Matsushita recognized the potential mass-market of VCR and considerably expanded through increasing VCR sales and licencing the VHS format to other manufacture. However, at that time Philips’ ability to bring its innovative products to market began to fa lter. Even if it invented the most superior format V2000 videocassette, it failed to commercialized it and had to outsource a VHS product which it manufactured under license from Matsushita * Strategic competences of Matsushita: internal competition among small business spurs growth by leveraging technology to develop new products, strong control as well as support from Japan promoted total efficiency * Organisation structure: Matsushita used the divisional structure(small businesses, corporate funds, CRL & product development) and maintained strong control over their operations through two ways of reporting, directly to appropriate product division or to METC 3. How did Matsushita’s capabilities and structure later lead to disadvantages? * As Matsushita grows bigger and bigger, more materials purchasing from the local and overseas countries claims more localization, communication between subsidiaries and Japan became difficult and control from Japan deteriorates * Expansion faced b ottleneck and Matsushita needed more creativity to promote growth, but the operation localizations lack of innovative capability as they act primarily as the implementation arms of Japanese-based product divisions 4. Why do both firms find it difficult to build new capabilities and what advice would you offer them?

Google - Financial Statement Analysis Research Paper

Google - Financial Statement Analysis - Research Paper Example In September 2002, Google News was released with over 4000 news sources (google.com, 2010). Google Scholar was released a month later with Google maps quickly following in February 2005. In late 2005, the Google Reader and Analytics products were released. Adding to the list of company innovations include such popular items as Google Video, Google Docs, Google Gmail, Google Investor, Google Images, and Google Picassa (google.com, 2010). The purchase of YouTube was a major purchase in 2006 where it gave the public access to making their own videos and sharing them with other online users (google.com, 2010). Besides YouTube, the purchase of Doubleclick was a major purchase where Google attempted to further enhance and simplify how advertisements are bought and sold over the internet (edgaronline, 2010). The Android product is a new portable phone that the company recognizes as needed to compete in a mobile world that we live in. The company wishes to have mobile devices and applications as an important building block for the future (google.com, 2010). Marketing efforts have been relatively low cost for the company by use of public relations and simple customers sharing experiences to spread the word that Google offers a quick and efficient service along with useful products (edgaronline, 2010). The company’s sales and support department attempts to highlight the advantages of products like AdSense to leading companies all over the globe. Although customers sign up online for products such as AdSense, the sales team attempts to build positive working relationships and promote key product advantages to other companies (edgaronline, 2010). The current environment for Google is a highly competitive one which is always changing. The company faces potential threats from: (1) other search companies; (2) social networking companies; (3) new and emerging mobile products; and (4) specialized search and e-commerce sites (edgaronline,

Article analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Article analysis - Essay Example The research data has shown that there is need for future development of theoretical frameworks and analytical tools that are used to assess effects of stress and psychological factors on health ought to be grounded in the historic understanding of African American experience on the family and their knowledge of culture. The study also found out that the concept of motherhood is a source of power among women and their families and it also noted that the media shapes our perceptions about good or bad mothers. The main strength of the study is that it sought to outline empirical evidence about the experiences that are faced by African American women in their transition to motherhood. These people are certainly impacted by both sociological and cultural factors such as class structures that are racially based in different societies in America. These factors have a bearing on the experiences that are often encountered by the African American women as they develop into motherhood stage. P revious researches have excluded how factors such as race, class and gender impact on African American women on their maternal role attainment. ... The other strength of the research is that it used a Hermeneutic phenomenology from an Afrocentric feminist perspective methodology. â€Å"Hermeneutics is a research method that seeks to interpret the human experience of the world through the use of language to provide both understanding and knowledge,† (Draucher, 1999, as cited in Fouquier, 2011). It can be seen that this approach is effective since it is designed to create new data through understanding of the world around people. Language is a very important factor that can be used in the understanding of the world around us. For instance, people learn as well as communicate using language hence the reason why it is a very important aspect of our lives. In carrying research, this design is also very important particularly in the clinical field since it helps to draw information from the participants involved in the study. The third strength of the research is that it used the snowball technique to recruit a purposive sample of 18 African American women from three generations to participate in the study. The advantage of this method is that people with similar characteristics are selected to participate in the study. Therefore, consistency is likely to be obtained in the data collected since people who share the same features and characteristics are chosen to participate in the study. These people are likely to represent the general views of the people selected for the study. The method used for data collection is also a major strength of the study. The research utilised open ended and semi structured interview questions to solicit data from the participants. The advantage of this method

The effectiveness of anti-social behavioural orders Essay

The effectiveness of anti-social behavioural orders - Essay Example The paper shall also address the concerns and challenges that ASBOs presents to law enforcement professionals and looks at possible improvements, if any that could be made to improve the effectiveness of these orders. As a prelude to the analysis, it may be imperative to understand the nature and scope of ASBOs. Introduced under the Crime and Disorder Act, 1998, ASBOs are designed to deal with anti-social behaviour perpetrated by individuals aged 10 years or above. An application for an ASBO may be made where it is alleged that a person or persons have acted "in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household"4 and includes a range of behaviour that put people in fear of crime. According to the U.K. Home Office, anti-social behaviour includes a range of problems, some examples5 being: An ASBO is essentially a civil order; however breach of the order re... The misuse of fireworks An ASBO is essentially a civil order; however breach of the order results in criminal proceedings and sanctions, including fine and imprisonment up to five years for adults. ASBOs are available to police and local authorities, as well as registered social landlords and British Transport Police (introduced by Police Reform Act, 2002) but not to members of the general public. Thus, police and local authorities can apply to a magistrates' court for an order to prohibit an individual from causing harassment, alarm or distress in a particular area. The ASBOs are community-based orders involving local people in the collection of evidence and in helping to monitor breaches. Lindsay Clarke explains that since ASBOs are accorded civil status, enabling both hearsay as well as professional witness evidence in ASBO applications, makes them more effective in protecting both the victims of anti-social behaviour as well as those reporting the behaviour.6 It is significant to note that while ASBOs were introduced as a fulfilment of the New Labour's undertaking in their 1997 election manifesto to create "community safety orders [that] will deal with threatening and disruptive criminal neighbours,"7 prior to it injunctions were used to deal with such behaviour8 under such legislations as Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Housing Act 1996, Environmental Protection Act 1990. The ASBOs are not intended to replace any existing legislation; they are seen as complementary measures available to the police and the local authority to combat anti-social behaviour. ASBOs essentially operate on the on the same principle as an injunction - prohibiting the offender from specific anti-social acts or entering defined areas through civil

Health care issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health care issues - Essay Example There are several challenges that the governments around the world are facing, however, financial challenges in the health care sector seem to be of utmost importance. According to a survey conducted on top issues a hospital faced, financial challenges topped the list of 13 challenges that the respondents were asked to rank (American College of Healthcare Executives(ACHE’s)(2011). The survey also took a closer look at the top 3 concerns. Medicare reimbursement and bad debts were major contributors to the financial problem. Another major contributor was increase in cost of staff and supplies. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Health Research Institute, ‘In 2010, the emphasis on cost continues. (PWC, 2010). In a its annual report published in December 2009 the institute stated that managing costs and getting more out of less will be the second most important challenge for the health care industry. Second only to the impact of Health Reforms (PWC, 2010). MEDICARE CHALLENGES Medicare, a health care program taking care of the elderly has been facing problems for quite some time now. The problem has been two-fold: on one side the overall cost of providing health care is going up and on the other hand there is a large number of baby boomers who are going to be eligible for Medicare this year (Levey, 2009).

Gun control is it better to make more stringent laws or ban them all Research Paper

Gun control is it better to make more stringent laws or ban them all together - Research Paper Example These incidents horrified not only the family of the victims but a majority of the Americans. In 2000 alone, about 52,447 people died deliberately of gunshot wounds in the United States (Wikipedia, 2011). The country rank first of the world’s 36 richest nation to have gun related deaths. Such incidences and information alerted the politicians, experts and law makers to revive the gun ban in an effort to prevent similar cases to happen and to reduce prevalence of robbery, drug dealings and other forms of crime. The proposal however, was not welcome by everyone. Majority pointed that gun ban is a violation of the second amendment and is not a solution to the problem because guns do not kill but people who has guns do. Law makers should create a tougher gun control laws and its implementation be strictly observed for individuals and manufacturers to be more responsible. Discussion Some sectors of the society claim that gun ban reduces homicide. To them, they believe that countrie s banning guns have lower rate of crimes like homicide. Premeditated crimes would be limited to an extent. Their challenge proves to be true. A study in 1991 found out that a District of Columbia showed a twenty five percent (25%) drop in their homicide cases owing to the implementation of the gun ban. In the same year, Baltimore also showed a positive result with also a decline however the rate of percentage was not revealed. This is in contrast with Columbia’s neighboring States like Marlyland and Virginia with no gun ban showing no decline in their homicide cases (Schwartz, 2008). The study further mentioned that suicide rates by fire arms likewise have declined by twenty three percent (23%) in Columbia just the same. Another important finding was that of the 1999 study that shows that there was a reduction of violent juvenile crime involving minors of 10 to 17 years old from 1994 to 1998 after the implementation of the Brady law and assault weapon ban (La Rosa, 2002). The above affirmation was refuted by the supporters of pro- gun advocates. Pro-gun groups believe that homicide and the absence of guns are not related to the decline in the incidences of homicide. They pointed out the situation of some parts of Europe whose citizens are allowed to own a gun yet have lesser rate of homicide cases. Switzerland who issues a firearm to every law abiding male citizen for the purpose of mandatory militia obligation remains to have a low rate of homicide. The same applies to Austria, Belgium, and Germany with low homicide rates and yet allowed to own a gun. They further pointed out that Western Europe’s low rate of homicide has existed long before gun ban has been adopted (Kates, 2010). The finding above corroborates with the idea of Mauser (2001) where he argued that if gun ban decreases the prevalence of homicide is true, rural regions in the United States and Canada where firearms are observed to be plenty should have the highest rate of homicide. In fact, Mauser noted that urban regions where fewer firearms are found have the same low rate of homicide cases with that of the rural areas where guns are bountiful. Mauser further added that individuals who are most armed with guns are hunters who are not a threat to the society and that they only use their guns for hunting purposes and has nothing to do with homicide. La Rosa in his article (2002) also provided information that even in countries with strict gun control laws has incidences of shootings. He

Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources - Assignment Example ACAS encourages employees to appeal against unfair dismissals and employers can only lay off workers if there is an existing contractual agreement between he employer and the employer. Accordingly, the redundant temporary employees are entitled to statutory guaranteed payments that include up to five days pay in any three-month period (CIPD 2013). ACAS advocates for an ad-hoc approach, formal policies or formal agreements with trade unions as the possible approaches of implementing redundancies in the organization. The fixed term employment contracts than naturally end will be excluded from the obligations to engage in collective consultations (ACAS 2013). The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) require fair selection of employees to be put on redundancy and collective consultations before the redundancy (CIPD 2013). According to CIPD, redundancy rights and obligations are governed by the employment rights act 1996, the Trade union and labour relations (consolidat ion) Act 1992, protection of employment regulations 1995, collective redundancies and the transfer of undertaking (amendment) regulations 1999 and finally collective redundancies (amendment) regulations 2006. ... The concerned employees are eligible for certain rights such as redundancy pay, a reasonable notice period, discussions with the employer and some time off to seek alternative employment (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The redundancy must be fair and discriminatory practices such as age, disability or gender cannot be utilized as the criteria for redundancy (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The redundancy entails more than 20 employees thus Dan Findale must adhere to the redundancy procedure outlined in ACAS code of practice on redundancy consultation process. Accordingly, protection of employment Act 1977-2007 requires the employers to enter in to consultations with the employees at least 30 days before the first redundancy occurs. In addition, the employees (provision of information and consultation) Act 2006 requires the employers with at least 50 employees to enter in to consultations with employees before any changes in workplace including the proposals for collective redundancy (ACAS 2 013). According to the case study, Dan Findale intends to make the 23 employees redundant thus, redundancy is just a dismissal that is not related to the individual employee or the capability of the individual employee, but an overall reorganization of the staff without recruiting new staff. Dan will have to justify his intentions of cost reduction in order to ensure the survival of the charity operations. Dan Findale must follow fair criteria in determining the employees to be made redundant. Some common criteria include last in, first out method that aims at preserving knowledge, skills and experience, staff appraisal rankings and asking for volunteers (Gilmore and Williams 2012). Unfair selection methods such as previous participation in industrial activities,

Menstruation Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Menstruation Disorders - Research Paper Example A menstrual disorder will affect the woman normal menstrual cycle, and the disorders include painful menses, abnormally heavy bleeding and lack of menses. Normal menstruation is bound to occur during the years of puberty and menopause. Also referred to as â€Å"period† entails a process where blood flows from the uterus to the cervix and out of the vagina. Some women will experience emotional and physical symptoms during the time of menstruation while another will not and such factors may disrupt a woman’s normal life in a number of ways. It is essential for the reproductive-aged woman to understand their menstrual cycles and some of the orders that are bound to occur to be able to prevent, manage them and seek medical attention. Most of these disorders have straightforward explanations and treatments options that exist to help in relieving the symptoms. It is essential for a woman experiencing irregularity in their cycle to seek medical attention from a healthcare prof ession (Peacock, Alvi, & Mushtaq, 2012). Major topics in the research paper include the menstrual cycle and its features, the menstrual disorders and their risk factors and the management and complications of the underlying disorders. The menstrual cycle is prepared and regulated by a complex surge of reproductive hormones that work together to prepare the woman body and systems ready for pregnancy. The regions of the body that control these hormones are the hypothalamus in the brain and the pituitary gland that all control six important hormones in the body.

Trifles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Trifles - Essay Example In this regard, Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles† appears to be a perfect example of representation of all essential literary elements of the play’s world for their research and analysis. For the beginning it must be said that the play â€Å"Trifles† is based on real-life story from the experience of Susan Glaspell as a reporter. The thing is that â€Å"†¦she was assigned to report on a murder case: the homicide of John Hossack, a prosperous Warren County farmer who had been killed in his sleep† in approximately 1900 year (MidnightAssassin.com). Being one of the first reporters who arrived at the accident site, Glaspell has been aware that Hossack’s wife is suspected in her husband’s murder, while she swore it was an intruder blood-guilty for John’s death. In a few days, Susan Glaspell has visited Hossacks’ farmhouse. The scenery of its kitchen has made a striking impression on the reporter. As we can see, the story of her further play’s character John Wright’s murder almost doubles the true story from Glaspell’s experience of the reporter. But there is one interesting point, that is, the time of the writing and performance of â€Å"Trifles†: â€Å"First performed by the Provincetown Players at the Wharf Theatre, Provincetown, Mass., August 8, 1916† (Glaspell). The time gap accounts for almost sixteen years. Then the obvious question arises: what circumstances prompted Glaspell to write the play? Having her previous practice of writing plays during 1909-1915 years, the playwrighter has decided not only to convey her ideas on paper, but also to animate them onstage before audiences. In this intention her husband has served as an active supporter and immediate participant of Glaspell’s ideas. â€Å"In 1915, at their summer home in Provincetown on Cape Cod, the couple organized a group of local artists as an amateur theatre group and staged a number of one-act plays in a converted fish warehouse† (Britannica.com). The

A manager and a leader Essay Example for Free

A manager and a leader Essay The difference between a manager and a leader is that the former ensures control and rationality, her/his focus is on day to day problem solving, best means in achieving results for staff to continue to contribute to the organisation (Zaleznik,1992) . While a leader uses power to influence actions and people, focusing more on outcomes and impact, where this action has inherited risks such as the risk of losing self- control in the need for power (Zaleznik,1992). While leaders and managers have common traits such as sound communication skills, work ethics, integrity, key technical competencies, etc, yet there are some differences. These differences can be summarised as follows: Risk taking: Manager are regulators of affairs in an organisation, getting rewards from collective achievements . Therefore, to be a good manager, it requires persistence, patience, intelligence, analytical skills, and goodwill. Leaders think out of a box and work with high risk initiatives. While managers, unlike leaders, tend to solve problems in a more conservative way and tend to tolerate mundane and practical work (Zaeznik,1992). Leaders on the other hand are risk takers. Relationships: Manager work with people to implement initiatives, solve problems, by focusing staff on policies and procedures and not on content (Zaleznik,1992). They are engrossed in how to make decisions, but not what are the rights decisions to make. While leaders attract strong feelings of identity and difference. Their human relationship might seem turbulent, intensifying motivation and often resulting in unanticipated results (Zaleznik, 1992). Sense of self-worth: managers’ sense of self-worth is secured by ensuring and strengthening existing institutions. While leaders feel separate from their institutions, their perception of identity is different (Zaleznik, 1992). They may work in an organisation and never have a sense of belonging, always seeking opportunities for change. Vision versus objectives and goals: Managers take the short view, focus on objectives, targets, implementation and monitoring and evaluation while leaders take the long view, focusing more on a clear vision, a clear sense of purpose, and a passion to pursue that vision while aligning the organisation its vision (Allio, 2012). Manager Leader Ensures control and follows day to day work implementation of an action plan (day to day work) Sets a vision A problem solver Uses power to lead and influence action Not a risk taker Willing to take risks (balance between change and stability) Follows rules and regulations High levels of creativity, always thinks out of a box Implementer Leads, inspires and motivates Strong sense of belonging to organisation May and may not have a sense of belonging to organisation Works in a comfort zone Always embracing change management, seeking new opportunities. In health care, the Minister of Health in the State of Palestine is a leader, while the director generals, directors of various departments are managers. The former is the person who sets out the vision for the ministry, partnering with other stakeholders (UN organisations, private sector, and others) for instance in advancing the public health sector. This resulted in a reduction in infant and under five child mortality rates over the past five years. While director generals and directors are consumed with implementing the inputs needed to achieve the overall vision set out by the Minister. Thank you. References: Allio, R.J., (2012), ‘Leaders and leadership – many theories, but what advice is reliable?.’ Strategy and Leadership. [Online], 41, (1), pp. 4-14. Available online from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/10878571311290016 (Accessed on: 19 January 2015). Zaleznik, A., (1992), Managers and leaders: Are they different?’ Harvard Business Review. [Online], 70 (2), pp 126-135. Available from: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=ef29e84c-a001-4d56-9f66-b5f4a202c402%40sessionmgr4001hid=4202 (Accessed

A Camping Trip By Bridget Andersen | Short Story

A Camping Trip By Bridget Andersen | Short Story When I say the words breakfast burrito, I bet that an outdoor camping trip in the wilderness doesnt come to mind. My story begins with three friends trying to spend more time together. After several months of heavy duty school, sports obligations, church requirements, and other pressures in their lives, they decided it was time to take a break. One friend wanted to go to Busch Gardens so that she could scream out her frustrations and enjoy the roller coaster rides. Another wanted to go to the beach, where she could relax in the sun and play in the waves. Yet another friend, who was a girl scout, knew the tranquility and solitude of a camping trip. She wanted to go camping in the quiet wilderness of southern Virginia. Therefore, the group of friends put their minds together and came up with a plan for a wonderful camping adventure. They imagined it would be just like the old days when they camped in their back yard, ate kitchen-cooked food, and had the luxuries of the house at their d isposal. They looked forward to a fantastic camping trip of friendship and fun. As the day finally came, it was time to depart. Having spent most of the previous week packing their clothes and supplies, it was a miracle that they could fit all of their provisions in the car. They had even considered strapping a friend to the roof in order to fit in an extra food cooler. Because the trip was going to be long and they wanted to be entertained the whole way, so they also brought their cell phones, DVD players, and snacks to keep them satisfied. When they arrived at the campsite, they expected to see lodges and cabins that had air conditioning and plumbing. What they actually found was far below their expectations. There were no cabins: only small, flat, gravel surfaces on which they were suppose to set up their tents and a charred fire pit, full of leaves, camper trash and other debris. However, this did not dampen the girls spirits; they just got to work unpacking their various supplies from the car. The only trouble that they encountered while setting up camp was pitching the tent. The Girl Scout borrowed the tent from her brother, who was a boy scout. On his many trips the instructions for setting up the tent became water stained and ripped so that the words and diagrams were incomprehensible. None of the girls had much experience setting up a tent so they just had to try their best. When they were done, the tent could stand by itself, but it looked nothing like the tent on the front of the package in which it came. There was also a piece of cloth leftover for which they could not find a use. The girls dismissed these observations and figured that if the tent stood, it was good enough for them. After setting up camp, the three friends decided to go for a relaxing hike to a nearby lake, where they would go for a canoe outing. Unfortunately, one of the campers had forgotten to bring a water bottle. She also happened to be in horrible physical condition. Because of her condition, the short hike to the waterfront became very challenging, as the two campers urged and eventually supported their friend. After resting for a short while at the waterfront, the girls found enough energy to push off the canoes into the water. While doing this, one girl accidentally stepped onto a muddy rock and fell head first into the water. She rose from the lake looking like a wet dog, but she was still good-natured with a smile on her face. The three friends sat there and laughed until they were having trouble breathing. Then they went out on the water. For a while, they explored the shores and docks around the lake. However, due to their exhaustion and poor paddling skills, the canoe flipped over. Again, the friends found some smile in this experience and had fun climbing back into the canoe. Eventually, the friends decided that it was time to finish their canoe outing, and they made their way back to camp. After an afternoon of fun on the water, they had built up quite an appetite. On arrival at the campsite, however, they were in for a very big surprise! The local camp raccoon, Joe Raccoon as he was widely known, had outsmarted them by sneaking into their camp in broad daylight while they were away on their canoeing trip and getting into their food, bins, and buckets! As they looked over the supplies, they found half-eaten fruit pies, opened containers of coffee grounds, missing popcorn kernels, sandwich makings thrown about, and tons of empty candy wrappers. At one point, one of the campers happened to catch a brief glimpse of Joe Raccoon as he scampered away from the campsite with an enormous belly, fingers full of goodies, and wearing a mischievous grin. The girls sat in a circle in great dismay wondering what they were thinking when they had decided to go camping. W ithout food, empty-stomached, exhausted, and frustrated, this camping trip was turning into a not-so-fun outing. Moreover, it was only early afternoon. Even after they arduously cleaned up the campsite, they were still soaked from their dip in the lake. Since the girls had packed a surplus of clothes, they decided that they could risk using up another outfit in order to get dry. However, when they got inside the tent, they all screamed at the sight to behold. There were bugs and spiders of every shape and size crawling around in their sleeping bags. Lions and tigers and bugs, oh my! They had forgotten to close the tent flap when they left for their canoe trip! Rather than going into the tent, they decided that it would be better to remain in their wet clothes than face the creepy crawlies. Eventually they drew straws to decide who would sweep out the tent. What a horrible decision the canoeing trip was turning out to be! They were hungry and miserable and decided to cook dinner over the fire with the supplies that Joe Raccoon had left behind. Maybe their clothes would dry off beside the fire too? They had planned on making spaghetti and meat sauce. None of them envisioned how hard it would be to cook it. They had to make sure that the grate that they placed over the fire was the right distance away, that the heat from the fire was evenly spaced out, and that they did not spill the hot water on themselves. After a while, they finally succeeded in putting the noodles on the fire and letting it stew. However, none of them had ever cooked spaghetti before and they did not know that you have to stir it continuously. As a result, when they took the spaghetti out of the pot, it was clumped at the bottom and burned in such a way that it was inedible. The girls had to satisfy their hunger with the Cheerios and fruit that they had planned on eating in the morning. They finished their meager dinner in silence a nd then grumpily went to bed. Yelling and snapping at each other the whole time. This camping trip was causing more stress than they had originally planned. The next morning two of the girls woke up to find that it had rained in the middle of the night. Their tent was completely soaked, and they were practically swimming in the water that was lining the bottom of the tent (they forgot to put their rain jacket on when they pitched the tent). However, after they got over their frustration with the dampness, they opened their tent and smelled the tantalizing aroma of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Potatoes, oh for the love of potatoes! After being hungry and cold all night, the warm, delicious scent of the potatoes was like heaven to their noses! Visions of mashed and baked potatoes danced in their heads. They quickly went in search of the source and found the remaining girl (who was the Girl Scout) cooking hash browns on the fire. She had set up a table that was already filled with scrambled eggs, cheddar cheese, sour crà ¨me, salsa, and warm tortillas. The Girl Scout greeted them and told them that she was making one of her traditional camping foods: breakfast burritos. They nodded and sat down in folding chairs by the fire. They sang and laughed around the fire while the Girl Scout finished roasting the potatoes. The fire crackled and gave off warm waves of heat that the girls savored. When the girl was done cooking, she put the potatoes on the table, and the girls filled their own burritos with the main ingredients along with sour crà ¨me, onions, and salsa in order to make it more flavorful and sat down at the campfire again. At first, the other campers were wary. What if the burritos ended up being a mistake like the rest of their camping trip? But as they watched the other girl dig in, the warm smell of the food overpowered their sense of caution, and they each took a bite. The burrito was fantastic! The potatoes were cooked to golden-brown perfection, and the eggs were simmered just right so that the combination was incredible! The breakfast burritos awakened their five senses. They could see the golden brown potatoes and the yellow of the perfect eggs. They could feel the nice crispy warmth of the tortilla in their hands and the soft feel of the potatoes and eggs as they took each bite. They could still smell the scent of the potatoes, but now it was joined with the satisfying smell of the eggs and onions, mixing together to create the ultimate aroma. They closed their eyes and heard the sound of satisfaction as the other girls enjoyed their own burrito. The burritos tasted like no other food on earth. The combination of all the ingredients created the perfect blend of flavors. Each girl gobbled up two burritos in a flash. Once they were full and content, they all sat around the campfire and eventually took a nap. They woke up and started packing up their things. They had much less to pack, thanks to Joe Raccoon. Once they were done, they set out on the road again. While driving home, the friends reflected on their short camping trip and decided that it wasnt that bad. The breakfast burritos that day had definitely brightened the trip! Plus, it was a good experience for them. Next time they went on a camping trip, they would know what to watch out for so that they would not make the same mistakes that they made this year. They even considered coming back next year to the same place! If they did, then they would certainly remember to eat breakfast burritos! Breakfast Burritos*: Things You Will Need: 1 box hash browns Salt and pepper Garlic powder 8 eggs Oil and butter 8 oz shredded cheddar cheese Sour cream Salsa 14 flour tortillas A pan A spatula Procedure: Put oil in a pan to prevent the food from sticking to the sides. Place hash browns and butter into the pan and cook them over the fire until they start to brown. Flip them every once and in a while to make sure that they dont burn. Scramble eggs and add to hash browns. Continue to cook and flip until all solid. Add salt and pepper to taste and cook until done. Place in heated tortilla. Add cheese, sour cream, and salsa in the burrito (optional). *I received this recipe from: Carrie Clark, leader of Girl Scout troop 2659

Political Issues In The Presidential Election Of 1960 History Essay

Political Issues In The Presidential Election Of 1960 History Essay In this paper, there will be an examination of the main political issues in the presidential election of 1960. This paper will also inform the reader of what influenced voters and factors such as the nations and the candidates past history, the image of the candidates and priming that took place during this campaign, and also how fraudulent voters had an effect on this election. To begin, the 1960s are known as the era of youth. Seventy million children from the post-war baby boom became teens and young adults. There was movement away from the conservative 1950s to a more revolutionary way of thinking. This was a time of change in lifestyles, entertainment, education and laws. The Supreme Court decided that prayer in public schools was unconstitutional. Political arenas and social issue out breaks formed over the chaos of race and a push for equality and black unity. College campuses became the center of debates and protest, from the civil rights movement supporting black activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr. with peaceful protest to Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael representing Black Nationalism and the Black Panther Party. The number of Hispanic Americans tripled during this period to become recognized as the oppressed minority, and the American Indian population who were unemployed formed violent riots. The Cold War had no definite start date, though it began as WWII was ending in Europe. When the United States dropped atomic bombs on two cities of Japan, it forced the Japanese government to surrender, signifying the end of conflict in the Pacific. The ending of WWII led to United States and the Soviet Union (Russia) engaging in an arms race. The Soviets were unhappy with the United States as their former allies and were unwilling to share atomic technology, thus leaving the United States to use information-gathering techniques otherwise known as spy planes. The 1960s shadowed one of the great embarrassments to the United States that encouraged a marked relapse in its relations with the Soviet Union, the U-2 spy plane episode. An American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The United States was forced to admit the planes role as a secret surveillance aircraft when the Soviet government beared its remains and surviving pilot. Along with spy, planes there were many oth er issues the United States had been involved in during this time with other countries (Goldman, Lillian). At the end of World War II, fears of a communist subversion also heightened as Fidel Castro led the transformation of Cuba into a one party socialist republic and Cubas revolutionary government became economically and militarily dependent on the Soviet Union. The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War. In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. When United States military intelligence discovered the weapons, the U.S. government did all it could to ensure the removal of the missiles. The Space Race was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in the exploration of outer space. It involved revolutionary efforts to launch artificial satellites, send man into space, and land him on the moon. The Space Race took place during the Cold War and had its start in the missile-based arms race between the two nations. It effectively began with the Soviet launch of the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in 1957 (Goldman, Lillian). Moreover, the election of 1960 began. The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D. Eisenhowers two terms as President. Eisenhowers Vice President was Richard Nixon, who was now running himself for the Republican nomination, along with New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, while the Democrats nominated Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy, Texas Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson, Missouri Senator Stuart Symington, Former governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson, and Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey. The electoral vote was the closest since the election between T. Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey and Charles Hughes of New York in 1916 where Wilson edged out Hughes by a margin of 277 to 254. The electoral vote totals in the election of 1960 were not as close with Kennedys 303 to Nixons 219 (Carney, Francis M). In the popular vote, Kennedys victory was among the closest ever in American history. Kennedy garnered 49.7% of the popular vote while Nixon held 49.6% . However, an election is not based on the popular vote but the electoral vote. The electors actually cast the vote, meaning a president without the popular vote can be elected president. The 1960 election is still of great debate historically among many people as to whether voter fraud in selected states benefited Kennedys victory, which was one of the major issues within this election. The election consisted of 531 electoral votes plus the addition of 2 U.S. Senators votes and 1 U.S. Representatives vote from both Alaska and Hawaii. On January 3 and August 21 of 1959, Alaska and Hawaii were granted statehood allowing the states to participate in their first presidential election. This was merely only one of the firsts during the election. This was also the first election where a candidate carried more than half the states (Nixon with 26) but lost the presidency, and it was the first election in which the four debates were nationally televised which is another major factor resulting to Kennedys victory. Accepting the nomination before a crowd of 75,000 people in Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Senator Kennedy introduced (4President Corporation). The New Frontier of the 60s. We stand today on the edge of a new frontier the frontier of the 1960s a frontier of unknown opportunities and perils a frontier of unfulfilled hopes and threats. This resulted in the Democratic slogan, And so, my fellow Americans: Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country(4President Corporation). Kennedys campaign promises amounted to many as he recognized the nation as having fallen behind the Soviet Union in the Cold War militarily and economically and promised to get America moving again. He recognized the fear of becoming a communist country and promised to fight against it. He identified himself with the liberal form tradition of the Democratic Party of Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman and promised a new surge of legislative innovation in an attempt to win the vote of conservative Catholics and to show he encouraged the civil rights movement. Kennedy supported a higher minimum wage, increased unemployment compensation, a broader federal housing program, and safer working conditions. He assured farmers of a fair share of national income; his surplus food distribution and food-for-peace bills received wide support from both urban and rural organizations. As Senator, Kennedy drafted a 10-point plan to provide older people with housing, medical care, and recreational faci lities. He also sponsored a bill to provide for hospital, nursing, and medical care for older citizens (4President Corporation). In addition, as Chairman of the Government Operations Subcommittee, Kennedy guided The Hoover Commission bill, which estimated to ultimately save the taxpayers $4 billion annually (4President Corporation). Aside from his promises, Kennedy was a member of the Senate Rackets Committee. This committee battled relentlessly to free American labour and management from racketeers, hoodlums, and union busters. Senator Kennedy also spent four years in the military services and fourteen years in Congressional service, thus familiarizing himself with several branches of the U.S. Government (4President Corporation). Kennedys candidacy was controversial because no Roman Catholic had ever been elected president. However, Kennedy was aware of the dangers of mixing religious and political organizations. He strongly promoted the separation of church and state: It is my firm belief that there should be separation of church and state as we understand it in the United States that is, that both church and state should be free to operate, without interference from each other in their respective areas of jurisdiction (letter to Glenn L. Archer, 23 February 1959). Also initially criticized by some Democratic Party elders, including former President Harry Truman, Kennedy was viewed as too youthful and inexperienced to be President; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for a more experienced Democrat. Despite the criticism, Kennedy continued his run for presidency and selected Lyndon Johnson to be his running mate. In contrast, Kennedys opponent Richard Nixons campaign promised to campaign in all fifty states; he also pledged to keep the federal government from dominating the free market economy in the lives of the American people. He promised he was not going to join the parade of those who promise to spend more while ignoring the reality of the present situations. He acknowledged that the cost of living was rising and more government spending would only add to inflation, hurting those people it was meant to help. He indicated a budget cut, not increase, and suggested it would be an act of total irresponsibility to promise additional federal billions that were simply not available. Nixon promoted and encouraged tax cuts and presented a plan for economic growth and deficit reduction that appealed to many. Nixon also wanted to make considerable progress toward balancing the federal budget so that millions of Americans could make possible balancing their family budgets and promised to not neglect education (4President Corporation). Like Kennedy, Nixon had military time. Nixon joined the Navy to serve in World War II, rising to become a lieutenant commander and resigning in 1946. In 1947, he was elected a U.S. Representative. In addition, in 1950 he became a U.S. Senator, where he worked until being selected as Eisenhowers running mate in 1953, becoming one of the youngest Vice Presidents in American history. This contributed to Nixons presidential campaign in 1960, when he chose Henry Cabot Lodge to run as his Vice President (4President Corporation). Candidates tend to focus their electoral campaigns either on policy issues or on personal images. Social psychologists idea of priming stresses a notionally conceivable campaign strategy for treating image and issues as interconnected strategic concerns. Evidence suggests that Kennedy deliberately used these popular strategies to shape the electorates standards for evaluating his personal attributes rather than to win over helpful maximizing voters (The Structure of Electoral Politics 362). Sneaky unclear policy positions and attractive personal images of strength, boldness, competitiveness, honesty, and trustworthiness, project a favourable personal attribute and image. How ever, this is a risky strategy for holding together a party base and attracting wavering voters. Priming is a way to understand the unification of image and issues in campaign strategies. This process suggests that candidates use popular policy issues to influence the electorates standards for evaluating their personal attributes. Priming focuses public attention on certain topics and provides the main basis for evaluation. Because mass media provides individuals with much information, it can be considered a priming stimulus. The message communicated through and by the media during an election significantly influences the attitudes and information that are likely to be retrieved and incorporated into voters judgments (Issues, Candidate Image, and Priming 528). During the Kennedy campaigns, Louis Harris, polling engineer and conductor serving on the Kennedy strategy committee, used inventive public opinion surveys to heighten the interest and skill in using position taking to shape the candidates image taking limited information about voters policy preferences. Harris devoted a section of his surveys to tracking and analysing the publics image of Kennedys personality and his job performance. Kennedys aides carefully tracked their candidates image and attempted to identify his perceived personal characteristics that were considered unfavourable. The campaign wanted to identify issues that both appealed to party activists and responded to the concerns of the centrist voters (Issues, Candidate Image, and Priming 529). The campaign introduced major innovations in terms of number, structure, and political use of opinion polls. Campaigns draw on analysis of individual perceptions and distinctions between availability and accessibility of public information and attitudes. Kennedys campaign objective was to use priming to construct an image that would be noticeably different from Nixons. They decided to fashion a move- ahead image for Kennedy to demonstrate a large difference between the Republican and Democratic candidates. The campaign used popular policy issues as part of a priming strategy, along with salient accessible issues in order to construct an appealing image of the candidate as competent and caring. Priming is supported in evidence found in records and interviews, as well as in a combination of both interpretive and quantitative analysis (Identifying the Persuasive Effects of Presidential Advertising 960). His campaign polls were based on personal interviews with large representative sampl es in separate states. Many of the states were polled at multiple occasions. There were sixty-six polls during the primary and general election campaign; twenty-six of them were between September and November, meaning that the polls were bunched into six weeks. The questions what is the most important problem? and what do you think can be done? measure the importance of an issue, which tells how a particular policy area is ranked compared to other issues (Issues, Candidate Image, and Priming 530). Kennedy cautiously reacted to the area divisions and the public opinion; in terms of the Democratic Party, Kennedy was thoroughly guided by polling on voters concerns. His success in using this strategy confirms the role of competitive elections and leadership selection. Public opinion became more influential during and after the nationally televised debates. The first debate was over domestic issues. Questions were asked of both Nixon and Kennedy to address their position on farm surpluses, expanding welfare programs for schools, teacher salaries, medical care, reducing the federal debt, and their opinion on communist threats to our national security. An estimated 80 million viewers watched the first debate. TV viewers believed Kennedy had won; he was well rested before the first debate and appeared tanned, confident, and relaxed during the debate. In contrast, Nixon insisted on campaigning until just a few hours before the first debate and had not completely recovered from his hospital stay for his knee injury, thus looking pale and sickly, as well as underweight and tired. Resulting from his refusal to wear makeup for the first debate, his beard stubble showed particularly on the eras black-and-white TV screens. Radio listeners believed Nixon had won. However, after the debate had ended, polls showed Kennedy moving from a slight shortfall into a slight lead over Nixon (Vancil, David L., and Sue D. Pendell). The second debate addressed issues dealing with the defence of two small islands off the Chinese mainland named Quemoy and Matsu, civil rights, and the U-2 flight incident. Political observers at the time believed that Nixon had won this debate as well as the third debate, which was also based on the Quemoy and Matsu island problem and questions over the US economy. The fourth debate was considered the strongest of the four debates by both candidates but was still seen as a draw. This debate focused on nuclear weapon testing and foreign policies (Kraus, Sidney). On October 2, 1960, during a sit-in in Atlanta, Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested and sentenced to a four-month term in prison. He was taken to the state prison at Reidsville, Georgia. Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy called Coretta Scott King to express sympathy. Kennedy then contacted Georgias Governor Ernest Van diver seeking Kings release from Reidsville Prison. King was released after eight days in jail. This ultimately resulted in Kennedy receiving more black votes and more votes from northern/Midwestern cities. On the contrary, Nixon remained uninvolved in this issue. Eisenhower was a strong supporter of Nixon throughout the election. He made strong campaigns for Nixon and began a tour on behalf of the Republican candidate over the last ten days before elections, which lead to a boost leaving Nixon and Kennedy at a tie. The support of Eisenhower resulted in rural suburban areas in the Midwest favouring Nixon. Although, when President Eisenhower was asked to give one example of a major idea of Nixons that he adopted, his reply was, If you give me a week I might think of one. I dont remember,(Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kennedy, and the Election of 1960). which ended up damaging Nixons campaign. When regarding fraud in this election, the first issue addressed are the claims made that mobster Giancana had connections with the Kennedy family and is believed to have influenced the election in Illinois and assisted in Kennedys defeat of Nixon. Giancana and Kennedy also were believed to be sharing the same mistresses and passing information to each other through her. At the end of the election, Kennedy was also accused of voter fraud in states and counties including Fannin County and Angelina County, Texas, where more votes were casted then registered. Fraudulent voters were accused in Cook County, and Chicago, Illinois, as well. Kennedy won Hawaii and Illinois; he carried twelve states total, including all northeast and southern states except for North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas. Kennedy also carried California; however, he lost the state to Nixon. Nixon won California and carried six states, all but three western states including California, and Ohio, which was his biggest victory. Nixon also carried Hawaii, although he ended up losing the state to Kennedy after absentee ballots were counted. Nixons campaign staff encouraged a recount in Illinois, Missouri, and New Jersey, but Nixon declined. Eventually Nixons chairman challenged eleven stated to be recounted, but the only overturned state was Hawaii. Respectfully, Richard Nixon refused to call for any recounts or investigations, under the sham that such an action might cause a constitutional crisis. Moreover, influences in the presidential election of 1960 that affected the electoral behaviour consisted of the issues shadowing from World War II, the issues ahead leading into the Cold War and political movements within the nation, the use of priming, and the suspicion of fraud during the election.

Amish :: essays research papers

The Amish Who are the Amish? The Amish is a religious group, which lives in settlements in 22 states and Ontario, Canada. The oldest group of Old Order Amish, about 16-18,000 people live in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Amish stress humility, family, community, and separation from the world. Although Lancaster Amish is Pennsylvania Dutch, all Pennsylvania Dutch are not Amish. The Pennsylvania Dutch are natives of Central Pennsylvania, particularly Lancaster and its surrounding counties. Unlike the Amish, they are not all one religion. Instead, their common bond is a mainly German background (Pennsylvania Dutch is actually Pennsylvania Deutsch, or German). They also have Welsh, English, Scottish, Swiss, and French ancestry. What is the history of the Amish? The Amish have their roots in the Mennonite community. Both were part of the early Anabaptist movement in Europe, which took place at the time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. Many early Anabaptists were put to death as heretics by both Catholics and Protestants, and many others fled to the mountains of Switzerland and southern Germany. Here began the Amish tradition of farming and holding their worship services in homes rather than churches. In 1536, a young Catholic priest from Holland named Menno Simons joined the Anabaptist movement. His writings and leadership united many of the Anabaptist groups, who were nicknamed "Mennonites." In 1693, a Swiss bishop named Jacob Amman broke from the Mennonite church. His followers were called the "Amish." Although the two groups have split several times, the Amish and Mennonite churches still share the same beliefs concerning baptism, non-resistance, and basic Bible doctrines. They differ in matters of dress, technology, language, form of worship, and interpretation of the Bible. The Amish and Mennonites both settled in Pennsylvania as part of William Penn's "holy experiment" of religious tolerance. The first sizable group of Amish arrived in Lancaster County in the 1720's or 1730's. Why don't the Amish accept modern ideas and innovations? The Amish seem stuck in history.

Essay --

Courtney Peters Essay 1 Rough Draft ENG 308 2/21/14 Donne: The Imprint Left Behind Every writer leaves his mark, his imprint, in his writing; a thumb print left behind the ink if you know how to look for it, and Donne is no exception. The problem is extracting Donne’s imprint, and essence, from the poem, and understanding what that tells us about him. In one poem in particular this stands out, his Holy Sonnet IX, where Donne’s imprint lingers, giving another story behind the text, of his belief in God, but also his inner questioning, and confliction and doubt which come out as contradictions. Behind the text, Holy Sonnet IX, as Donne speaks through his speaker and poem, we come to understand that he is a religious man, though conflicted, which leads to doubt and contradictions, as he resents God in a way, while also just craving for his absolution and for him to forget and forgive his sins and wash them away, sins which weigh on him heavily and he believes taint him. Looking at Donne’s Holy Sonnet IX, you can see where parts of his self are hidden under the text, if you only know how to look and how to interpret what you find. Donne repeats â€Å"I† throughout the poem three times, and while doing so he not only reflects parts of his inner self, but changes his stand point each time. In the first instance of â€Å"I†, Donne writes, â€Å"If lecherous goats, if serpents envious/Cannot be damn’d; Alas; why should I bee?† (3-4). Here he questions God, demanding to know why he should be damned when the lecherous goats, and serpents cannot not be condemned and damned for their sins. The second instance of â€Å"I† however writes, â€Å"But whou am I, that dare dispute with thee/O God? Oh! of thine onely worthy blood,† where he shifts from angrily questioning... ...e forgotten and he is not damned by them. The illusion and imagery emphasize the severity of his desire for God to forget his sins, the sins which he emphasizes by referring to them as â€Å"black sins† utilizing severe language in calling them thus, to further darken the already negative connotation of his sins and their evilness. The allusion speaks of the greatness of Donne’s sorrow, in that he would cry a river, his wish in the end, more than anything, for his sins to be forgotten and him undammed, and his thoughts on sins, that they are black, his darkness, his taint, his embarrassment, indebting him to God who in turn damns him. -- Create a conclusion, short, but sums up: What I mean by Imprint How his imprint shines throu, aka, what we learn of him from: His usage of I His pattern His allusions, imagery, and language Should be one per paragraph for most

The Clever and Devious Iago of Othello Essay -- Othello Essays

In Othello, Iago serves as a clever manipulator. He uses his skills on the stupid and naà ¯ve Roderigo to get revenge on Othello. Iago’s main reason for his hatred of Othello is because he is passed over for the lieutenant position given to Michael Cassio. Iago also seems to delight in the manipulation and destruction he is causes. One major way Iago uses his manipulation on Roderigo is by jealousy. At the start of the play, we hear a conversation between Roderigo and Iago. Roderigo is angry because he has been giving money to Iago to help him gain the love of Desdemona, but he learns of Desdemona’s marriage to Othello. Also in Act one Scene one Iago convinces Roderigo to spoil Othello’s marriage by stirring Desdemona’s family against the Moor. At the end of Act one Iago has his first soliloquy. Iago says, â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse:/ For I mine own gained knowledge should profane/ If I would time expend with such a snipe/ But for my sport and profit† (1.3.384-387). He reveals his plan of cheating Roderigo out of his money and giving him unfulfilled promises. Another exa...

Why Uniforms Should Be Abolished

Uniforms Should Be Abolished at WHCI Being in highschool is hard enough as it is with teacher and principal breathing down your neck constantly telling you to wear uniform all the time it like you have no freedom. I think uniform should be abolished at West Humber C. I because it will give the student a little freedom. Reason why i think it should be abolished at West Humber C.I is because you have to buy more than one set of uniformsand you wouldn't want to wear that one set over and over again plus you have to buy a set of clothing for when your not in school . The price of uniform is very costly because you have to buy the shirt and pant which they are overpriced and it kill's off the cash you you have just buy purchasing the uniform.The second reason why uniform should be abolished at West Humber is because teachers get annoyed when they constantly tell you to wear your uniform or they send you down to the office to talk with the principal for the uniform infraction. The uniform causes so much trouble for both you and your teachers/principal because it causes confrontation then argument then you'll be sent home and miss out on class time when you might be missing something important that might be needed for a test.The last reason why uniforms should be abolished at West Humber C. I is because Students who aren't able to express their own personalities and express themselves as individuals get labled when wearing a uniform and it hard to form peer relationship with other students. Regardless of their negative reputations, cliques allow students to express themselves and find acceptance within their individual peer groups. Having students wear uniforms may prevent students from forming peer relationships that stop social communication between students.

United States went into its first Asian war in the Philippines

In 1899 the United States went into its first Asian war in the Philippines. From then on there were others against Japan, North Korea and china. The war was waged against Spain and in it, Spain was forced to give up the colony.The explanation was provided by president McKinley as having been motivated by a desire to provide education to the locals. The mission also involved the civilization and Christianization of the Filipinos as fellow brothers and sisters in Christ.This was a lie. The real reason for the acquisition was the rise of imperialist sentiment among the ruling elite. This was inspired by a need to include the United States among the club of world’s great powers.The challenge that arose after the war was that the Philippine independence leaders expected to acquire their independence. America on its part was in a way seeking to replace Spain’s position.This would lead to a war against the Filipinos whom they had supported. America had thus officially entered the league of imperialists.There was at the same time the rise of anti-imperialism advocates in the United States. These got credence from the accounts of soldiers who were fighting abroad through letters written back home.These narrated the horrible activities that the soldiers were involved in for instance massacres. The Americans’ conduct ended up looking worse than the Spaniards had.The American people started changing their minds about the war. By the end of the war in 1901 America could be counted as an imperial power in Asia. It is at this time that the open door policy was declared.As from this point on, the US started getting more involved in world affairs. There was the contribution of troops to china to fight nationalists over there.From this point the us began sending its navy abroad so as to assert its position as a new power. It was also from this point that the government began involving itself in promotion of American investment abroad. Foreign trade also bega n being promoted in ways never seen before. Overseas investment and foreign trade were also promoted.Upon the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, there was the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, a committed imperialist. He favored a big army and navy. He also always dwelt on citizen duties to the state rather than human rights. Roosevelt was a daring and zealous in the pursuit of American interest. There was the belief that the United States had the role of saving the world.In the late 1920’s the government had a challenge. In addition to     The president also had to deal with a number of important foreign policy issues. There were revolutions in South America. The economic situation created serious problems in America's relations with Europe. And Japan launched a campaign of aggression in northeastern China.Hoover failed in his efforts to solve America's economic troubles. But as we will see in our program today, he did succeed with some of his foreign policies. He an d most other Americans, however, would fail to understand the long-term importance of the forces gaining control in Germany and Japan.VOICE TWO:Herbert Hoover's foreign policies were marked by his desire to make friends and avoid war.Like most Americans, the new president had been shocked by World War One. Hoover had seen the results of that terrible war with his own eyes. He led the international effort to feed the many European civilian victims of the fighting. And the new president was a member of the Quaker religious group that traditionally opposes armed conflict.Hoover shared the wish of most Americans that the world would never again fight a major war. He felt the bloody bodies at Verdun, the Marne, and the other battlefields of World War One showed that conflict should be settled by peaceful negotiations.VOICE ONE:Hoover worked toward this goal even before he entered the White House.Following his election, he had several months free before becoming president. Hoover used thi s period to travel to Latin America for ten weeks. He wanted to show Latin American nations that they could trust the United States to honor their rights as independent nations.

Geologic Time Worksheet Axia W3D5

Associate Level Material Mary Miles Geologic Time Worksheet Use the following table to compare ways of evaluating geologic time. Your description, similarities, and differences must each be at least 50 words. |Time Evaluation Method |Description |Advantages of this Method |Disadvantages of this Method | |Relative dating |Relative dating is the process |There are a few advantages of |The disadvantage to relative | | |of estimating the order of |relative dating.One is that |dating is that an exact time | | |events but not necessarily |this is an estimate of the age |cannot be given to a rock | | |determining when the events |of a structure. Meaning that |structure or fossil. This method| | |occurred.When looking at rocks |there is room for error. This |is only an estimate and because | | |and fossils the deeper the |method is good if weathering or |of that the true time in which a| | |structure or fossil the older it|erosion is prevalent. Because |rock structure or fossil was | | |is.D uring this process there is|some of the rock structure is |started or deposited cannot be | | |not exact age or date that is |missing or interrupted exact age|determined. | | |given to a rock or fossil only |would not be able to be found. | | | |an estimate of when it stated or| | | | |was alive. | | |Absolute dating |Absolute dating is a process in |The advantage to absolute dating|The disadvantage of absolute | | |which geologists or other earth |is that an exact age can be |dating is not every rock | | |scientists determine the |determined for a rock structure |structure or fossil’s exact age | | |specific age of a rock |or fossil. This is beneficial to|cannot be determined.Depending | | |structure, fossil or other |scientists to help determine the|on where a fossil is found or | | |scientific site or structure. |age of the earth and the rock |what mineral make up the rock | | |Absolute dating allows a |structures it contains. |structure will determine if | | |numerical ag e to be determined | |absolute dating would be | | |for a fossil or strata. |appropriate. | In the following space, explain the role of fossils in developing the Geologic column. Your explanation must be between 200 and 300 words. The geologic column is the putting together all known strata and matching them up in chronological order. Fossils are an important factor when developing the Geologic column. Depending on if there are any fossils present in a sediment layer and if there are determining what the fossil is can help determine which eon all strata stated to form in.The geologic column is divided to several different time frames. These time frames are referred to as eons, eras, periods and epochs. Most of the Earth’s existence can be separated into three eons. Each eon in earth’s existence lasted at least a hundred million years. The first two eons that earth existed fossils were very rare or hard to find. Those two eons are referred to as the Archean eon and the Proterozoic. The most recent area is referred to as the Phanerozoic eon. The Phanerozoic eon is the most recent eon and is the only eon that contains a lot of fossils.Significant changes happened to the fossil assembly during the three eras that took place during the Phanerozoic eon. The three eras of the Phanerozic eon are Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. These eras have been divided by significant extinction events. The era that is very important is the Paleozoic. This is because during this time was the first appearance of hard bodied animals that fossilize much better then soft bodied organisms. Reference: Murck, B. W. , Skinner, B. J. , & Mackenzie, D. (2010). Visualizing geology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Madame DeFarge Essay

Screams rend the air. Your sisters husband was worked to death by the scum who call themselves nobles. Before your brother-in-law is even cold in his grave, these men take your sister away. For sport. Your father’s heart is broken, your brother outraged. You are taken away to the sea for protection, and your brother goes to seek revenge on the dogs, who took not only your family’s food and money, but your honor, which is more valuable to a poor man than all other things combined. Your brother is killed by the â€Å"nobles† and your sister dies of a broken heart, and crushed honor. What is your response to this situation. This was Madame Defarge’s situation, and her heart was turned to cold, hard pitiless stone. She nursed her hatred and bitterness. She was filled with a cold, calculating desire for revenge upon all those whom she could remotely connect to those demons who had taken everything from her and her family. She cared for no one and nothing that s tood in her way. She made them and all the other nobles pay, with oceans of blood. She gloried in her enemies downfall, and danced in their graves. Here thirst was unquenchable. She was hardened to the point of no return, and I believe she would have murdered her own husband if he stood in her way. Madame Defarge was bitter and cruel in the way she acted towards Charles Darnay and his family. She pretended that she was their friend, and she needed to see them for their protection. Instead she was just confirming them, so that she could put them on her registers of death. In her bitterness and hatred, she made the descendants of those who had wronged her responsible for their ancestors sins. She was ruthless in her killing and condemning of anyone who could be remotely connected to the aristocrats and she stopped at nothing, until they were dead. She spent hours knitting her registers, spelling out who would die, and why. She didn’t care if it was poor seamstress or the richest noble in the castle. If they were accused of being connected to the accursed race of aristocrats, they were her mortal enemies. When Darnay was supposedly on the way to his death at the guillotine, she went to see Lucie, both so she could gorge herself on Lucie’s pain, and also to make sure that Lucie and her child were at her fingertips, ready to be killed as soon as possible. She was barely stopped by Miss Pross, whom she tried to kill, but was herself killed in the attempt. Indeed, if it was not for Miss Pross, Madame Defarge’s plans would have succeeded nicely. Madame Defarge was a cold, bitter, and extremely vengeful person. Yes, she was shaped by the circumstances she was born into, but that alone did not change her into this awful person. It was the nurturing of these grudges, the careful plotting, scheming and brooding over her plans for vengeance that turned her into the dreadful wretch that she was. She was in fact, a slave to her own desire for revenge and even though it may seem that she had the victory, because she made the nobles pay. She let them steal her soul. Revenge is not victory. Reconciliation and forgiveness through Christ is victory.

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 87

Journal - Essay Example I, for instance, can now choose fast and better clothes. This makes her like it very much and her face lights up with excitement. She is genuinely happy from her emotions and tells me that I have helped her a lot since she has an interview, the following day. I finish attending to her after one hour, to my big surprise. On looking at the clothes hanger, I notice so many clothes there. They all need to be returned, follow the correct order and I have to make sure that all their tags are checked. We already have 6 clients; so many to have at the same time. Another intern is still busy and that means I have to step in and assist in cleaning up. After finishing, I go to the donation center, where I find too many clothes heaped together like a mountain. I feel dizzy and notice too many stars swirling around my eyes. One intern works from 1pm to 5 pm. We are a total of 6 interns but after 3 pm we only have 2 interns. This is really too much work and my mind is running wild with several questions like how can I tag all of them? How can I organize them? How can I measure clothes? Etc. I take a deep breath and just relax. I feel that I hate clothes right now and I am having nightmares from clothes. My intern colleague told me once that I look like a tailor when I measure pants, men suits and thus soon I will be looking like a real professional. As I ponder where to begin, I get thinking that right now I am ok with just being a personal shopper working at a donation

Practicum Project Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practicum Project Plan - Term Paper Example The goal of this practicum project is to enhance learning. The goal statement, project objectives, evidence-based review of the literature, methodology, resources, formative evaluation, summative evaluation, and timeline of the project are outlined in this paper. There are two correlated goals that I will strive to accomplish in this practicum project. First, I will be able to demonstrate skills and competency in managing a diverse population of staff and patients at the end of the practicum experience. Secondly, I will be able to work within a complex system to develop leadership abilities appropriate for the management role of nursing coordinators or night supervisors. According to a Nurse Bedside Shift Report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d), "Patient and family engagement creates an environment where patients, families, clinicians, and hospital staff all work together as partners to improve the quality and safety of hospital care" (p.3). In this regard, implementation of best practices that promote patient and family engagement is vindicated. Purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding comprise of actions posited by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d) to support patient and family engagement. In a study aimed at scrutinizing the effects of communication cited by Dingley, Daugherty, Derieg, and Persing (n.d), open communication and teamwork were found to contribute significantly to the achievement of affirmative results. This shows that utilizing open communication and working in multidisciplinary teams in implementing best practices, in conformity with the project methods, is als o defensible. Conducting an evaluation will also be important in the practicum project. As explicated by Black (2010), evaluation helps distinguish practices that achieve their anticipated objectives from those that have failed. Evaluation will therefore help identify best practices that have

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Riordan Corporate Compliance Plan - Essay Example Riordan attracts customers from various industries including, electronic companies, household item producers, defense, bottlers, aircraft, and even software companies. The entire vendor management and human resource management systems that Riordan uses in its various branches in the United States are with an Oracle system. The Vendor management and the HR management system are available on the Riordan website and almost all the processes are done including, placing the orders, tracking the order, accepting delivery, and process management. The management system automatically delivers e-mails to the relevant persons once a transaction gets generated through the e-mail engine. The Riordan Corporate Compliance should be created and approved by the senior management or Board of the company and stick to the regulations that may be applicable in various states the company is functioning. Third, the Compliance plan should also give importance to monitoring and auditing the system and ensuri ng that enforcement and breaches are addressed appropriately. In such a manner, the legal compliance plan should meet the legal standards and be in line with the legislations of that particular nation. Legal Compliance Plan Introduction Riordan Production is a manufacturing and productions company concerned with the manufacture of plastics, polymers, electrical appliances, and household appliances. It will not only sell the appliances to other businesses but also to the end consumer. Initially, Riordan was a company that supplied other companies, and it has been recently until which Riordan has entered the relationship sector. Within the company, Riordan consider meeting certain legal and ethical obligation concerned with business and comply with the standard business practice. The legal compliance document of Riordan will not only ensure that the ethical and legal obligation of the company and the manner in which it functions is known to others. This also ensure that the various st akeholders concerned, including employees, other businesses, companies, partners, and the government, are aware of these standards and the manner in which the company functions. The Company compliance plan will chalk out the legal and the ethical commitments and the set of standards that has to be followed during the business practices. The important aspects of corporate compliance are †¢ Enterprise liability †¢ Tangible property and intangible property (intellectual property) †¢ Governance principles of regulatory compliance requirements †¢ The specific international laws This compliance plan created by the company senior management and approved by the Management Board of Riordan Productions. It sets the basic framework and the manner in which the business is conducted. It shall be binding on the company management, employees, contractors, and the third parties who do business with Riordan Productions. The compliance plan will also be binding on the managers and the supervisors. Some of the important set of functions includes Standard policies and guidelines to be adhered to concerned employee management, risk identification, risk management, evaluation, monitoring, implementing corrective processes, and managing the property/assets. Legal Standards Riordan Productions is a manufacturing hub and would be appointing, supporting, and using the services of the human

Deductive and Inductive Arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Deductive and Inductive Arguments - Essay Example A deductive argument is said to be unsound if its premises are not logically correct, but then they can be founded upon to form a correct conclusion. For instance, the following premises; Mary is 37 years old, Mary is caring then the conclusion from the premises is Mary is a mother. The argument is unsound since the premises are generalized and thus will not form a good basis for making an informed conclusion. The premises since they are general in nature cannot be said to be logically correct since they are not specific to be based for making informed conclusions hence the argument is unsound. Inductive premises are not always correct the person in the argument will take them as they are to influence a certain conclusion that is desirable (Iep.utm.edu). The nature of the premises in inductive arguments determines whether the overall conclusion of the argument is weak or strong. For instance; the policemen said Peter committed the murder, so Peter is the murderer. This argument is weak because its based on a section of the overall evidence and thus, cannot be depended upon. On the other hand, if we have premises like these; eyewitnesses said they saw Peter commit the murder, fingerprint evidence from the body of the diseased together with the weapon are identical to Peter’s and Peter confessed to the police to have committed the act, so Peter committed the murder. The argument above is strong since it incorporates a number of evidence that precisely implicates Peter to the murder beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, from the aforementioned definitions and illustrations it is evident that the deductive arguments are more compelling than the inductive arguments because their conclusion are correctly premised logically and morally as opposed to the inductive arguments, which are often incorrect and depend upon the perception or intention of the individuals to form a conclusion that

How do you measure political corruption, and what are the difficulties Assignment

How do you measure political corruption, and what are the difficulties involved - Assignment Example Another important form of this type of corruption is extortion. Here the political persons get involves in various criminal offences for acquiring property, money etc from an individual or institution through illegal means. Political corruption depends on the jurisdiction and country. The practice of political funding differs from places to places. In some places considered as legal and in some places are considered as illegal. In many places government officials have indefinite powers. There the distinction between illegal and legal power is difficult. Institutional corruption is also included in political corruption. The problem of corruption in institute which is associated with the economic support from the government officials who have different interest related with the institution. Political corruption has a negative effect on the good governance and democracy of the country. It reduces the accountability in legislature and election. Corruption in politics hampers the represen tation process in policy making. Political corruption also leads in the compromising the rule of laws. This type of corruption often occurs at the higher levels of the state which a strong impact on politics. Political corruption leads to the improper use and resources misallocation. It influences the political system and government institutions. As a result institutional decay is a common phenomenon in this type of corruption. It is a deviation from ethical code of conduct and written legal norms by the ruling political party. The ruler systematically abuses the rules and regulations of the state to fulfil their personal gains. It is also perceived as an ignorance of principles and rational legal values of the state. The legal base of many authoritarian countries is weak. This helps to grow political corruptions and subjects to the downfall of their political system. Moral, ethical and normative standard are the necessary benchmarks to differentiate legitimacy from legality in